Radiation Detection and Measurement Principles

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Ionizing radiation cannot be seen or sensed by the body in any other way. Therefore, nuclear instruments have been used to detect and measure various types of radiation.

  • A Geiger tube (GM detector) uses ionization of a gas to detect the presence of alpha, beta and gamma radiation. When exposed to radiation, the Geiger tube produce pulses of electric current.

Dose rate (milisievert per hour) GM detector Dose rate GM Detector

Radioactivity contamination GM detectorRadioactivity contamination (count per minute) GM detector

  • Another type of radiation detector is the scintillation counter. When the radiation source hits the scintillation detector, it will use a crystal to produce flashes of light. It is used to detect low energy gamma radiation.

Radioactivity contamination scintillation detector Radioactivity contamination scintillation detector

Dosimeter

A personal dosimeter, for example the TLD (thermoluminescent dosimeter) badge, measures beta, gamma/x-ray and/or neutron radiation with the highest efficiency (100% grade lithium fluoride). After use, the lithium fluoride elements are heated causing them to luminesce in proportion to the amount radiation exposure.

Radiation Safety Awareness Precautions

  • Recognize radiation warning signs and labels.
  • Do not enter radiation areas without permission of the radiation safety trained laboratory personnel.
  • Do not bring food, drink, empty coffee cups or utensils into the radiation rooms.
  • Stay as far away from the radioactive sources as possible.
  • Do not touch or handle any radioactive materials if you are not trained to work with it.

Radiation Warning Signs and Labels

Radioactive Material Sign Radiation Warning Sign Radiation Area Sign

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